Mineral containing one or more rare-earth elements as major constituents
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Rare-earth ore, shown with a United States penny for size comparison
A rare-earth mineral contains one or more rare-earth elements as major metal constituents. Rare-earth minerals are usually found in association with alkaline to peralkaline igneous complexes in pegmatites. This would be associated with alkaline magmas or with carbonatite intrusives. Perovskite mineral phases are common hosts to rare-earth elements within the alkaline complexes. Minerals are the solid composer of inorganic substances.[1] They are formed through the atomic movement of fluid which can be derived from evaporation, pressure or any physical change.[2] They are mostly determined through their atomic weight.[3] The minerals that are known as 'rare' earth minerals are considered rare due to their unique geochemical makeup and properties.[4] These substances are not normally found in mining affiliated clusters.[4] Thus an indication of these minerals being short in supply and allocated their title as 'rare' earth minerals.[4] Many of our rare-earth minerals include rare-earth elements which thus hold the same significant purpose of rare-earth minerals.[5] Earth's rare minerals have a wide range of purposes, including defense technologies and day-to-day uses.[6] This would be associated with alkaline magmas or with carbonatite intrusives. Perovskite mineral phases are common hosts to rare-earth elements within the alkaline complexes. Mantle-derived carbonate melts are also carriers of the rare earths. Hydrothermal deposits associated with alkaline magmatism contain a variety of rare-earth minerals. Rare-earth minerals are usually found in association with alkaline to peralkaline igneous complexes in pegmatites.
The following includes the relatively common hydrothermal rare-earth minerals and minerals that often contain significant rare-earth substitution:
- Aeschynite-(Y or Ce)
- allanite
- apatite
- bastnäsite
- britholite
- brockite
- cerite
- Dollaseite-(Ce)
- fluocerite
- fluorite
- gadolinite
- monazite
- parisite-(Ce or La)
- stillwellite
- synchysite
- titanite
- wakefieldite
- xenotime
- zircon
This mineral, formed through the oxidation of lead and copper, and is forms crystaline structures making it very rare.[7] Its formation unfolds via a chloride reaction with sulphide, reacting together.[8] This process occurs amidst the oxidative environment of lead and copper, which results in the creation of this distinctive halide compound.[7]
Categorized
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This particular group of minerals contains elements that are considered rare in our planet's makeup.[9] To be classified as a rare earth mineral, a thorough examination of the element contained within it is mandatory.[9] If an element can be classified as a rare-earth element, it is more likely to be classified as a rare earth mineral. This information can be valuable in various settings, such as geological surveys and mineral resource assessments.[10] A rare earth element is categorized into sixteen metallic elements.[10] There are over 160 rare earth minerals and only four of these minerals are mined.[11] Most rare earth minerals occur in primary and secondary deposits.[12]
Primary and secondary deposits
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Primary deposits contain hydrothermal and igneous processes while secondary deposits are sedimentary and weathering processes.[13] In the case of primary deposits, the minerals and metals are derived from a specific area, where the elements come together to form the deposit.[14] This location is also where the mineral is produced.[14] Derived elements move to a different location within secondary deposits where they undergo metamorphic or sedimentary processes, resulting in the formation of minerals.[15] Mining extractions can benefit from the mineral processing of elemental deposits.[16] Various methods, such as leaching and hydrothermal processes, can be employed to extract minerals.[17] Both primary and secondary deposits yield elements and minerals for mining purposes.[17] There are only four rare-earth minerals that are found in deposits that go through certain processes and require mining.[18]
Mined rare-earth minerals
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Bastnäsite
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Bastnäsite is a carbonate mineral, that is primarily mined for its many purposes.[19] Magnets made of bastnasite are used to create speakers, microphones, communication devices, and many other modern gadgets.[20] This mineral is rare because it contains a large number of rare elements.[21] This mineral can be classified as semi-soluble salt due to its limited solubility in water and capacity to form ionic bonds.[21] Bastnäsite deposits are found in China and the USA.[21]
Bastnäsite is a mineral that originates from Madagascar. It is a dense mineral that contains three carbonate-fluoride atoms.[22] The mineral typically has a warm yellow honey colour and forms luminous flattened crystals.[23]
Laterite clays
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Laterite is considered to be a soil type which holds a significant amount of aluminium and iron.[24] This soil type can form into clay, which holds many minerals within it.[24] The weathering of rocks under leaching and oxidation conditions results in the formation of this mineral soil, which simulates clay.[24] The minerals within this soil are goethite, lepidocrocite, and hematite.[24] In recognition of the weathering process that these minerals require, they are classified as rare earth minerals.[25] In addition to these rare minerals other elements are contained within this soil like substance such as iron and nickel.[26] Thus having a red colour like soil through the oxidation of these minerals.[26] Basalt is the source of laterite, which is a material that contains aluminum.[25] Its high aluminum content is the reason it is mined.[26] This clay-like dirt also makes a stable basis for construction since it solidifies into rock when exposed to air.[26] However, the low fertility of this soil makes it unsuitable for agricultural use.[26]
Monazite
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Monazite is a waxy mineral that is formed through the crystallization of igneous rocks and the metamorphism of clastic sedimentary rocks.[27] This mineral is typically mined in placer deposits, with gold commonly found as a byproduct.[27] The rare earth element neodymium is found in monazite, making it a rare mineral.[27] Moreover, monazite contains many other rare metals such as cerium, lanthanum, praseodymium, and samarium, making it a critical source of renewable energy.[28] Recycled magnets can also be derived from these minerals due to the metals they contain.[27] Monazite sand and deposits for mining are found in India, Brazil, and Australia.[29]
Loparite
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Loparite is a mineral that contains three rare elements: titanium, niobium, and tantalum.[30] This is why it is often mined, as it is considered a rare-earth mineral.[30] The deposits for loparite can be found in Russia and Paraguay, although it is also present in other countries such as Canada, Norway, Greenland, and Brazil.[31] However, Russia remains the primary source for mining this mineral.[31] The significance of loparite lies in its unique properties, which make it useful for conductivity, aircraft assembly, and as a radioactive tracer.[30]
Rarest earth mineral
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Kyawthuite
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Kyawthuite is a rare earth mineral due to its unique formation process.[32] Unlike other minerals, it is created from a pegmatite deposit within an igneous rock.[33] Its deep red-brown colour and high density come from the crystal assemblages within it.[34] Its occurrence is very limited and the necessary pressure for formation is uncommon, making it quite scarce. The mineral contains lead, thallium, and oxygen that have undergone oxidation and is also composed of the rare metals bismuth and antimony.[33] Interestingly, the mineral is named after Dr. Kyaw Thu, a former geologist at the University of Yangon who discovered it.[33] It is found in the region of Myanmar Mogok.[35]
These elements belong to Group 17, a category known for their scarcity and many purposes.[36] Group 17 elements, also referred to as Rare Earth Elements (REE), make up a significant portion of our rare earth minerals.[36] These elements exhibit exceptional conductivity and magnetic properties, having diverse applications across various industries.[
citation needed
] The presence of these elements in rare earth minerals enhances their utility and is a contributor to the complexity of their formation.[37]
Further reading
- Jones, Adrian P., Francis Wall and C. Terry Williams, eds. (1996) Rare Earth Minerals: Chemistry, Origin and Ore Deposits, The Mineralogy Society Series #7, 372 pp. ISBN 978-0-412-61030-1
- China New Policy Affect Rare Earth Price
References
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As the global permanent magnet market continues to grow, the world's top permanent magnet manufacturers still occupy a dominant position in the market. In recent decades, permanent magnets have been widely used in electrical devices and equipment, including applications such as electric motors, generators, and speakers.
If you are looking for a permanent magnet manufacturer, then this article will help you! Please read patiently.
1. Arnold Magnetic Technologies
Company Profile
Arnold Magnetic Technologies is a leading global manufacturer of high-performance permanent magnets, flexible composites, electromagnets, magnetic assemblies, and precision thin metal foils. Arnold’s magnets, metals, and systems are used in high-efficiency electric motors and generators, sensors, batteries, and more.
Arnold Magnetic Technologies is committed to consistently providing world-class quality products and services to its customers.
Year Founded: 1895
Headquarters: New York, USA
Company Type: Manufacturer
Website: https://www.arnoldmagnetics.com/
Main Products
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Permanent Magnets
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Precision Thin Metals
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Flexible Composites
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Electromagnetics
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Electric Motors
2. Dexter Magnetic Technologies
Company Profile
As a professional magnetic systems manufacturer, their company offers an experienced team of engineers and support staff who are committed to delivering innovative technical solutions and services through a strong combination of partnership and expertise.
Dexter's vision is to be a dynamic, dynamic, fully integrated magnetic solutions provider.
Year Founded: 1951
Headquarters: Chicago, Illinois, USA
Company Type: Manufacturer
Website: https://www.dextermag.com/
Main Products
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Electromagnets
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Magnetic Assemblies
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Magnetic Cores, Ferrites and Sensors
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Medical Solutions
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Permanent Magnets
3. Ningbo Zhaobao Magnet Co., Ltd.
Company Profile
Zhaobao Magnet is one of the top permanent magnet manufacturers in the world. They have been working on the research and development and production of rare earth permanent magnets (NdFeB and SmCo) with high coercive force, low reversible temperature coefficient and low weight loss characteristics.
More than 95% of their products are used in industrial automation, automobile industry, clean energy and other high-end application fields, especially all kinds of high-efficiency and energy-saving permanent magnet motors, such as elevator motors, servo motors, new energy vehicle drive motors, compressor motors, etc.
Year Founded: 1999
Headquarters: Zhejiang, China
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Company Type: Manufacturer
Website: https://www.zhaobao-magnet.com/
Main Products
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NdFeB Magnet
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SmCo Magnet
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AlNiCo Magnet
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Magnetic Assembly
4. Adams Magnetic Products Co., Ltd.
Company Profile
Adams Magnetic Products has been designing and manufacturing magnetic products since 1950. They are custom manufacturers, manufacturers, and distributors of all types of permanent magnets, magnetic assemblies, and equipment: alnico, ceramic, flexible magnets, neodymium, samarium cobalt, rare earth, magnet assemblies, stock, or custom. Choose from their millions of magnets in stock, or have them custom design you.
Year Founded: 1950
Headquarters: Illinois, USA
Company Type: Manufacturer
Website: https://www.adamsmagnetic.com/
Main Products
Alnico, ceramics, flexible magnets, neodymium, samarium cobalt, rare earths, magnet assemblies
5. Hitachi Metals Ltd
Company Profile
As one of the leading magnetic material suppliers, Hitachi Metals Co., Ltd. offers a wide range of magnets, including Neomax rare earth magnets and ferrite magnets. It offers products in a wide range of fields, including automobiles, electronics and home appliances.
The company continues to challenge new materials and new production technologies to meet the diverse needs of customers and contribute to building a more energy-efficient society. In addition, Hitachi Metals Co., Ltd. contributes to the growing demand for high performance and magnetic improvement of magnets used in electric motors.
Year Founded: 1956
Headquarters: Tokyo, Japan
Company Type: Manufacturer
Website: https://www.hitachi-metals.co.jp/e/
Main Products
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Magnetic Material
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Ceramic Components
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Magnetic Assembly
6. Eclipse Magnetics Ltd
Company Profile
With 100 years of experience in the design and manufacture of high performance magnetic systems, Eclipse Magnetics Ltd supplies critical magnetic equipment to some of the leading brands in the most demanding industries. They are firmly established as a leading manufacturer and supplier of permanent magnets and magnetic equipment.
Year Founded: 1954
Headquarters: Atlas Way, Sheffield S4 7QQ, United Kingdom
Company Type: Manufacturer
Website: https://www.eclipsemagnetics.com/
Main Products
7. Goudsmit Magnetics Group
Company Profile
Goudsmit Magnetics Group is one of the world's leading permanent magnet suppliers. They design and manufacture high-tech magnet assemblies and industrial magnet systems.
They supply these systems worldwide to the food, automotive, recycling, metals, pharmaceutical, offshore, chemical, high tech and aerospace industries.
Year Founded: 1959
Headquarters: Netherlands
Company Type: Manufacturer
Website: https://www.goudsmitmagnets.com/
Main Products
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Neodymium magnets
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Ferrite magnets
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Samarium cobalt magnets
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AlNiCo magnets
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Plastic-bonded neodymium magnets
8. Magnequench International, LLC
Company Profile
Magnequench is a Canadian public company. He has more than 35 years of operating experience in the rare earth and rare earth metal industry, and has more than 25 years of experience in manufacturing quenched magnetic powder for bonded NdFeB magnets. He has led the development of the bonded NdFeB magnetic powder industry for more than 20 years.
As one of the world's professional permanent magnet manufacturers, they provide high-performance magnetic applications for automotive, media storage, home appliances, and many other industries.
Year Founded: 1982
Headquarters: Canada
Company Type: Manufacturer
Website: https://mqitechnology.com/
Main Products
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Permanent Magnet
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Magnetic Assembly
9. Thomas & Skinner, Inc.
Company Profile
Thomas & Skinner is the world's leading manufacturer of cast and sintered AlNiCo magnets, magnetic assemblies, transformer laminations, and tungsten alloys (WHA). They are dedicated to providing their customers with the highest quality, highest performing magnet products.
Thomas and Skinner have been producing world-class high-performance alloys to meet customers' unique design needs and application requirements since the early 1900s.
Year Founded: 1900
Headquarters: Indiana, USA
Company Type: Manufacturer
Website: https://thomas-skinner.com/
Main Products
10. Vacuumschmelze GMBH & Co. Kg
Company Profile
VACUUMSCHMELZE is a leading manufacturer of magnetic materials and solutions. As a reliable partner, they work with customers to develop application solutions to meet growing demands.
They push the boundaries of technology with breakthrough solutions. Using their materials along with their refined solutions and their special magnetic properties is the key to making their customers' systems smaller, lighter, more efficient, and above all safer.
Year Founded: 1923
Headquarters: Germany
Company Type: Manufacturer
Website: https://www.vacuumschmelze.com/
Main Products
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Permanent Magnets
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Magnetic Assembly
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Magnetic Material
Conclusion
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