Working Of Boiler- Parts, Efficiency, Classification ... - BYJU'S
A boiler is defined as a closed vessel which is used to heat liquid usually water or to generate vapour or steam or any of such combination under pressure for external use by combustion of fossil fuels.
For more information, please visit haoyuefurnace.
Parts of Boiler
The parts of a boiler can be classified into two divisions:
Boiler mounting
These are the essential parts that defined the performance of the boiler.
Water level indicator
This is used to check the water level inside the boiler which is fitted in the front of the boiler consisting of three cocks and a glass tube.
Pressure gauge
This is used to measure the pressure inside the boiler which is fitted in the front of the boiler.
Safety valve
This is fitted on the drum and is used to prevent the explosion of the boiler due to high pressure which blows off when the pressure inside exceeds the limit. These are always present two.
Stop valve
This is used to control the flow of steam from the boiler to the steam pipe.
Blow off cock
This is fitted at the bottom of the drum and is used to blow off mud and water and is used to empty the boiler.
Feed check valve
This is used as a Non-Return Valve which is fitted slightly below the normal water level on the drum. It is used to regulate the supply of water.
Grate
It is the space in the furnace used to burn the fuel.
Boiler accessories
These are the parts that are responsible for the efficiency of the boiler.
Feed pump
It is used to pump the water into the boiler for continuous working. Either electricity or steam turbine is used for the running of the feed pump.
Super heater
This is used to superheat the steam before it is passed in the turbine as saturated steam causes corrosion.
Economizer
It is used to increase the efficiency of the boiler as the flue gases from the boiler is made to flow through the economizer before releasing it to the atmosphere.
Air preheater
It is also used to increase the efficiency of the boiler by preheating the air.
Working Principle of Boiler
Understanding the working of the boiler is very simple. The boiler is a closed vessel in which the water is stored. Hot gases are produced by burning fuel in the furnace. These hot gases are made to come in contact with the water vessel where the heat transfer takes place between the water and the steam. Therefore, the basic principle of the boiler is to convert water into steam by using heat energy. There are different types of boilers used for different purposes.
Efficiency of Boiler
The efficiency of the boiler is defined as the percentage of total heat exported by the outlet steam to the total supplied fuel.
Boiler efficiency (%)=(heat exported by outlet steam/heat supplied by the fuel)*100
Classification of Boiler
The classification of the boiler is based on the following criteria:
- According to the relative passage of water and hot gases:
- Water-tube boiler: A boiler in which the water flows through the tubes that are surrounded by hot combustion gases.
- Fire-tube boiler: A boiler in which the hot combustion gases are surrounded by the water
- According to water circulation arrangement:
- Natural circulation: The circulation happens due to the difference in density.
- Forced circulation: The circulation happens by pumping the water inside the boiler.
- According to the use:
- Stationary boiler: These boilers are used for power plants
- Portable boiler: These are movable and used temporarily in sites.
- Locomotive: These are used in the railway engines.
- Marine boiler: These are used in ships.
- According to the position of boilers:
- According to the pressure generated by steam:
- Low-pressure boiler: The maximum pressure is 15-20 bar. It is used for heating purposes.
- Medium pressure boiler: The maximum pressure is 20-80 bars. It is used for power generation.
- High-pressure boiler: The maximum pressure is more than 80 bars.
- Sub-critical boiler: If the boiler produces steam at a pressure that is less than the critical pressure it is known as sub-critical.
- Supercritical boiler: These boilers are used to produce steam at a pressure which is greater than the critical pressure.
- According to charge in the furnace:
- Supercharged fuel
- Pulverized fuel
Application of Boiler
The boiler has a diverse applications in the following industries:
- Food processing industries
- Chemical industries
- Refineries and distilleries
- Thermal power plants
- Sugar plants
- Textile industries
- Health care industries
- Paper industries
- Pharmaceutical industries
- FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods)
Stay tuned with BYJU&#;S to learn more about other Physics related concepts.
Related Physics Articles:
Heat Transfer: Thermal Conductivity
Electric Current: The Flow Of Charge
What Is Optical Fiber?
Total Internal Reflection
Watch the video and learn some interesting facts about the boiling point of water.
Test Your Knowledge On Working Of Boiler!
Q
5
Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. Click &#;Start Quiz&#; to begin!
Select the correct answer and click on the &#;Finish&#; button
Check your score and answers at the end of the quiz
Congrats!
Visit BYJU&#;S for all Physics related queries and study materials
Your result is as below
0
out of
0
arewrong
0
out of
0
are correct
0
out of
0
are Unattempted
Login To View Results
Mobile Number
*
Did not receive OTP?
Request OTP on
Login To View Results
Name
*
ID
*
Grade
*
City
*
If you are looking for more details, kindly visit Working Principle of Boilers.
Join BYJU'S Learning Program
Register with BYJU'S & Download Free PDFs
*
*
*
*
*
Register with BYJU'S & Watch Live Videos
*
*
*
*
*
Working Principle of Boiler - Thermodyne Engineering Systems
A boiler is defined as &#;a closed vessel in which water or other liquid is heated, steam or vapor is generated, steam is superheated, or any combination thereof, under pressure or vacuum, for use external to itself, by the direct application of energy from the combustion of fuels, from electricity or nuclear energy.&#;
A boiler is comprised of a separate container called burner, which is attached to it. The steam needed to heat homes, buildings and other structures are created by the fuel that is burned and supplied to the boiler from the burner. Natural gas is released into the boiler through a special pipe, a tank that is pressurized is used to supply the oil while the wood pellets are propelled into the burner. These fuels interact with air and are burned in order to provide the necessary heat needed to convert water into steam.
Once the fuel is supplied to the burner and heated up to the required point, the gases or the fire from the fuel is directly released into the boiler to heat up the water. This can happen in one of the two ways depending on the type of boiler used.
There are mainly two types of boilers that work in different ways to produce heat.
Fire Tube Boilers
The most commonly used are fire tube or shell boilers. In fire tube boilers the fire or hot gases released from the burner are run through within the tubes inside the shell of the boiler with water surrounding them. The tubes are set in banks in order to let the gases go through the boiler four times before letting out the stack. The fire tube boiler systems can release up to 25,000lbs or 750hp of steam per hour. About 80% of the boilers that are in use today belong to this particular category.
Must read &#; How Exactly Does A Fire Tube Boiler Operate?
A subtype of this boiler is the packaged boiler, shipped complete with fuel burning equipment, mechanical draft equipment, automatic controls, and accessories and is designed to function automatically with a very minimum of attention. It is particularly important to prevent scale formation in this type of boiler.
Water Tube Boilers
The fuel or hot gases are released on to and the area around the outer surface of tubes filled with water. The tubes are vertically arranged in the shell. Water tube boilers are generally built in the rectangular shape with two or three drums. While the top drum is used for separating water and steam, the bottom drum is used to collect the sludge. They are usually utilized when more than 750hp of steam per hour is required.
Also, read &#; Advantages and Working Principle of Water Tube Boiler
The fuel or hot gases released into the boiler from the burner heats up the water causing the temperature to rise up to 212 degrees Fahrenheit. That is when the steam is formed. The steam generated is then circulated throughout the building or home using radiators, vents, and pipes, specifically created for heat transfer.
Also Visit: what is steam boiler?
Some of the heat is retained in the boiler as the heat required for keeping the building or home warm needs to be regulated, or else they will get overheated. Since more steam is produced as the temperature increases, it is essential to check the boiler and ensure that excess pressure is not built. To check the pressure build up, run your boiler for a short duration of time. Furthermore, they have to be maintained regularly to keep them in optimum working condition.
Share this:
Pinterest
Pocket
Telegram
Facebook
LinkedIn
Reddit
Tumblr
Like
Loading...
Related
If you want to learn more, please visit our website High Temperature Sintering Equipment Equipment.
Comments
0