Decomposed granite is a kind of granite rock that is weathered to the point that the parent material readily fractures into smaller pieces of weaker rock. Further weathering yields material that easily crumbles into mixtures of gravel-sized particles known as grus that further may break down to produce a mixture of clay and silica sand or silt particles. Different specific granite types have differing propensities to weather, and so differing likelihoods of producing decomposed granite. It has practical uses that include its incorporation into roadway and driveway paving materials, residential gardening materials in arid environments, as well as various types of walkways and heavy-use paths in parks. Different colors of decomposed granite are available, deriving from the natural range of granite colors from different quarry sources, and admixture of other natural and synthetic materials can extend the range of decomposed granite properties.

Definition and composition

Decomposed granite is rock of granitic origin that has weathered to the point that it readily fractures into smaller pieces of weak rock. Further weathering produces rock that easily crumbles into mixtures of gravel-sized particles, sand, and silt-sized particles with some clay. Eventually, the gravel may break down to produce a mixture of silica sand, silt particles, and clay. Different specific granite types have differing propensities to weather, and so differing likelihoods of producing decomposed granite.

The parent granite material is a common type of igneous rock that is granular, with its grains large enough to be distinguished with the unaided eye (i.e., it is phaneritic in texture); it is composed of plagioclase feldspar, orthoclase feldspar, quartz, mica, and possibly other minerals. The chemical transformation of feldspar, one of the primary constituents of granite, into the clay mineral kaolin is one of the important weathering processes.[1] The presence of clay allows water to seep in and further weaken the rock allowing it to fracture or crumble into smaller particles,[1] where, ultimately, the grains of silica produced from the granite are relatively resistant to weathering, and may remain almost unaltered.[1]

Uses

Decomposed granite, as a crushed stone form, is used as a pavement building material. It is used on driveways, garden walkways, bocce courts and pétanque terrains, and urban, regional, and national park walkways and heavy-use paths. DG can be installed and compacted to meet handicapped accessibility specifications and criteria, such as the ADA standards in the U.S. Different colors are available based on the various natural ranges available from different quarry sources, and polymeric stabilizers and other additives can be included to change the properties of the natural material. Decomposed granite is also sometimes used as a component of soil mixtures for cultivating bonsai.[2][3]

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References

As a homeowner looking to enhance your outdoor space, opting for artificial grass can be an excellent choice. This type of synthetic turf provides a low-maintenance, evergreen lawn that doesn't require the same care or resources as natural grass. To ensure a successful artificial turf installation, it's crucial to prepare the base correctly.

The foundation underneath your artificial grass plays a vital role in its longevity and performance. A well-installed base will ensure proper drainage, add stability, and prevent sagging or wrinkles in the turf over time. Typically, you start by clearing the area of weeds, debris, and rocks, and then proceed to excavate the soil to a sufficient depth to accommodate the sub-base materials.

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The materials chosen for the sub-base are key to the turf's effectiveness. Commonly used materials include crushed rock, decomposed granite, or a mix of granite and limestone dust. These materials are chosen for their ability to compact tightly while still allowing water to permeate, thus avoiding water logging and ensuring a level surface for your synthetic turf. Proper compaction of the sub-base material creates a solid foundation that mimics the feel of natural earth, contributing to the aesthetic and practical appeal of your outdoor artificial lawn.

Preparation and Base Installation

Installing artificial grass requires careful preparation of the site and a properly installed base to ensure stability and drainage. The base should accommodate foot traffic and the weight of the grass while maintaining a level surface.

Site Preparation

Firstly, remove any existing grass and clear the site from weeds, rocks, and debris. It's essential to start with a clean slate. Excavate the soil to a depth of about 3-4 inches to make room for the base material. This depth supports most residential needs, providing a solid foundation for the artificial turf.

Choosing the Right Base Material

Select a base material that provides efficient drainage and stability. Materials like gravel, decomposed granite, or sand are recommended. Each has its pros and cons, with decomposed granite providing excellent stability and drainage, yet gravel can also be effective, especially for areas with high foot traffic.

Base Material Options:

• Gravel: Good for drainage, available in various sizes.

• Decomposed Granite (DG): Offers stability, facilitates compaction.

• Sand: Economical; however, ensure it's coarse to enhance drainage.

Layering and Compaction

Begin by laying a sub-base material, such as gravel or decomposed granite, depending on your choice. Compact the first layer to about 90% of its original volume, ensuring a stable foundation. Next, add the base layer, which could be a finer grade of the same material, then compact this layer until you reach 95% compaction. A plate compactor is the most effective tool for this job to ensure even compaction and a level surface, crucial for the longevity of the artificial grass.

Ensuring Durability and Performance

To guarantee the lasting quality and functionality of your artificial grass, focusing on the underlying systems is crucial. An optimal drainage system, proper infill selection, and regular maintenance are key to enhancing resilience and longevity.

Optimizing Drainage System

Drainage system: Your artificial turf's durability greatly depends on its ability to handle moisture. Proper drainage ensures that water doesn't pool, reducing the risk of damage. For effective drainage:

• Crushed Rock: Utilize a layer of crushed rock that allows water to pass through with ease, preventing accumulation and instability.

• Weed Barrier: Place a weed barrier beneath the crushed rock to deter weeds without hindering water flow.

Selecting Infill and Installation

Infill: Infill provides stability to the artificial grass fibers. When selecting infill:

• Materials: Choose among silica sand, rubber crumb, or a combination, depending on the intended use and the required resilience.

• Installation: Even distribution during installation is vital. Ensure the infill is settled correctly to maintain even surfaces and prevent matting.

Maintenance and Upkeep

Maintenance: Routine maintenance extends the life of your artificial turf and keeps its appearance fresh. Include the following in your maintenance routine:

• Surface Cleaning: Regularly remove debris to prevent buildup.

• Weed Control: Should any weeds appear, remove them promptly to safeguard the integrity of the weed barrier and turf.

• Infill Top-Up: Occasionally top up the infill to keep the blades upright and the ground stable.

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