Understanding LIFEPO4 battery terminology and figuring ...

lucl said:

I know these are probably stupid questions but I'm just trying to understand things a bit clearer.

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There are no stupid questions. We all started out knowing nothing and we all learned by reading and asking questions.

lucl said:

I was under the impression that LIFEPO4 batteries had some type of a communication protocol to share with LIFEPO4 chargers (since the tech is new) and other devices so that there is less guessing involved, but I don't think that's the case.

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In most cases, the battery does not communicate to the rest of the system. However, some of the more advanced batteries do have communication methods that allow them to communicate with the rest of the system. Furthermore, all BMSs have a built-in shunt that allows them to calculate the current in order to do over-current protection. Smart BMSs (with blue-tooth or some other communication path) will almost always use the shunt to track state-of-charge and present that via the communication protocol.

Right now, the com ports are used mostly to communicate data, but not to coordinate among components.....but some advanced systems do coordinate.

The challenge with tieing the BMS/Battery into the rest of the system over the com port is that there is no standard protocol. Therefore, even if everything has something like a CAN bus interface, the chances are good that they can not communicate and coordinate. Right now, systems that integrate and communicate well are systems where everything comes from the same manufacturer. As an example, Victron has ways to get their chargers, inverters, batteries, etc to all communicate and coordinate. We are starting to see some equipment that is designed to mimic the protocols of other manufacturers, but that is still the exception, not the rule. It would be nice if there was a standard for this, but I am not aware of anyone working on a standard.

There are no stupid questions. We all started out knowing nothing and we all learned by reading and asking questions.In most cases, the battery does not communicate to the rest of the system. However, some of the more advanced batteries do have communication methods that allow them to communicate with the rest of the system. Furthermore, all BMSs have a built-in shunt that allows them to calculate the current in order to do over-current protection. Smart BMSs (with blue-tooth or some other communication path) will almost always use the shunt to track state-of-charge and present that via the communication protocol.Right now, the com ports are used mostly to communicate data, but not to coordinate among components.....but some advanced systems do coordinate.The challenge with tieing the BMS/Battery into the rest of the system over the com port is that there is no standard protocol. Therefore, even if everything has something like a CAN bus interface, the chances are good that they can not communicate and coordinate. Right now, systems that integrate and communicate well are systems where everything comes from the same manufacturer. As an example, Victron has ways to get their chargers, inverters, batteries, etc to all communicate and coordinate. We are starting to see some equipment that is designed to mimic the protocols of other manufacturers, but that is still the exception, not the rule. It would be nice if there was a standard for this, but I am not aware of anyone working on a standard.

What are the main structural components of a lithium-ion battery?

The main components of lithium-ion batteries are upper and lower covers of batteries, cathode sheets (active substances are lithium cobalt oxide), diaphragms (a special composite film), anode (active substance is carbon), organic electrolytes, battery cases (divided into steel shells and aluminum shells), etc.

What is battery internal resistance?

It refers to the resistance to which the current flows through the inside of the battery when it is working. It consists of two parts: ohm internal resistance and polarization internal resistance. The large internal resistance of the battery will lead to a decrease in the operating voltage and shortened discharge time. The internal resistance is mainly affected by the material, manufacturing process, battery structure, and other factors of the battery. It is an important parameter for measuring battery performance. Note: Generally, charging internal resistance is the standard. The internal resistance of the battery needs to be measured by a special internal resistance meter, not by a multimeter ohm gear.

What is the nominal voltage?

For more information, please visit Standard nominal voltage low voltage lithium battery factory.

The nominal voltage of the battery refers to the voltage shown in the normal operation process. The nominal voltage of the secondary nickel-cadmium-nickel-hydrogen battery is 1.2V; the nominal voltage of the secondary lithium battery is 3.6V.

What is the open circuit voltage?

Open circuit voltage refers to the potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery in the non-working state, that is when the circuit is out of the current flow. Operating voltage, also known as end voltage, refers to the potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery when the battery is in the working state, that is, the current in the circuit.

What is the capacity of the battery?

The capacity of the battery is divided into the rated capacity and the actual capacity. The rated capacity of the battery refers to the minimum amount of charge that is specified or guaranteed when designing and manufacturing the battery under certain discharge conditions. The IEC standard stipulates that the rated capacity of nickel-cadmium and nickel-hydrogen batteries at 20°C±5°C and the charge released from 0.2C to 1.0V after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours is the rated capacity of the battery, expressed as C5. For lithium-ion batteries, it is stipulated that the charging capacity is 3 hours under charging conditions controlled by room temperature, constant current (1C), and constant voltage (4.2V), and then the power discharged from 0.2C to 2.75V is the rated capacity, and the actual capacity of the battery refers to the actual capacity of the battery discharged under certain discharge conditions. The power level is mainly affected by the discharge magnification and temperature (so strictly speaking, the battery capacity should indicate the charging and discharge conditions). The battery capacity is in Ah, mAh (1Ah = mAh).

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