Methyluracil is a non-steroidal anabolic agent, possessing anti-inflammatory properties. It is recommended for treating lower-colon inflammation and ulcerative conditions including erosive and ulcerative colitis, proctosigmoiditis, and anal fissures. Additionally, Methyluracil can be used in other forms to treat slow-healing wounds, fractures, burns, photodermatitis, and pressure sores.
This pharmaceutical is typically taken orally, preferably with meals. For adults, the dosage ranges from 500-1000 mg three to four times a day and is generally 500 mg per day for children aged 8 to 15. Treatment sessions can last between 7 days to 4 months, depending on the severity of the condition. When applied as an ointment, it should be applied as a thin layer daily to the affected areas.
Some users may experience allergic reactions, and when taken orally, side effects such as dizziness, headaches, and heartburn are possible. Externally, it can cause a mild burning sensation. This drug should not be used by individuals with hypersensitivity to it, nor should it be taken by those with bone marrow malignancies, leukemia (especially myeloid leukemia), myeloblastosis, or lymphogranulomatosis. It is also contraindicated for children under 3 years old, and pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid it unless the benefits outweigh the risks. In cases of significant wound granulation, the ointment form is unsuitable.
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Methyluracil promotes the normalization of nucleic acid metabolism, accelerates cell regeneration processes in wounds, enhances tissue growth and granulation maturation, as well as epithelization. Additionally, it stimulates erythropoiesis and leukopoiesis, alongside both cellular and humoral immune responses.
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The study of the polymorphic form 6MU_II shows that it is more stable than the polymorph 6MU_I. These crystals sublimate at 230°C, forming coarse crystals of 6MU_IV without 6MU_III impurities. Unlike 6MU_I, which forms a white haze on heating, 6MU_II does not.
Additional analysis of the 6MU_I heating process using the powder diffraction method confirmed the formation of 6MU_III at 200°C and 6MU_IV at 245°C. Within the range of 210-245°C, the presence of 6MU_II as an impurity may cause issues with the ointment due to grain formation.
Pure polymorphic forms 6MU_III and 6MU_IV were separated as a pure crystal phase, analyzed thoroughly using DSC thermograms. Partial sublimation of polymorph 6MU_I occurs at ~200°C, forming thin needles of 6MU_III. Re-crystallizing at 250°C produces prismatic crystals of 6MU_IV containing 6MU_III impurities, purified by further heating to ~270°C.
6MU was also crystallized from the melt by dissolving polymorph 6MU_I in water, boiling, and drying. Analysis showed polymorph 6MU_II as the main crystal phase, with impurities of new phases 6MU_III and 6MU_IV. Single crystal X-ray analysis confirmed the existence of these new polymorphs.
The efforts to crystallize 6MU from various solvents always resulted in needle-like crystals of the polymorphic form 6MU_II. The key to forming polymorph 6MU_I depends more on technological conditions rather than the solvent used.
As an effective drug, 6MU is available in tablets and ointments. Its polymorphic form control is crucial for product quality. Analysis shows that 6MU primarily exists in polymorphic form I (6MU_I) determined by powder diffraction data. These data, although not ideal for a reliable API analysis, need improvement.
Infrared spectroscopy characterized pure polymorphic forms of 6MU, identifying characteristic vibrations of the N-H bond, CH3 group, carbonyl groups, and C=C bond. No vibrations correlate with enol tautomers. Significant changes in N-H and carbonyl group vibrations indicate differing hydrogen bonding participation.
DSC analysis of these polymorphic forms revealed similar melting processes, particularly for 6MU_I and 6MU_III. Polymorph 6MU_II showed a broader melting band. Detailed powder diffraction patterns for 6MU_I and 6MU_III confirmed their similarities but revealed differences that mark 6MU_III as a new polymorphic form.
The contribution of zwitterionic structures to 6MU's molecular geometry shows lengthened C5-C6 and shortened N3-C4, C4-C5, and N1-C6 bonds. This bond variation is due to differing carbonyl group interactions. Polymorphic crystals showed distinct hydrogen bond patterns formed by N-H...O interactions, with significant interactions differing across 6MU_I, 6MU_II, 6MU_III, and 6MU_IV.
Comparative IR spectrum, DSC thermogram, and refinement analyses also confirmed structural similarities, with 6MU_I and 6MU_III demonstrating adjacent plane interactions and bond formation characteristics. Stability and metastability of polymorphic forms were linked to crystallization conditions, with slower processes favoring stable polymorphs.
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