When asked if he wants a piston ring set with moly, chrome, or cast iron faced top compression rings the mechanic often returns the question to the jobber salesman by saying, &#;What should I use?&#;
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There is some confusion in the trade as to what type ring set should be used. Hastings would like to offer some suggestions to help the consumer make the proper decision for his particular application.
The single most important factor to be considered in selecting the proper top compression ring face coating material is the service requirements the engine will be operated under. Will the engine be subjected to unusual speed or load operation, stop and go &#; short trip driving, or operating in a high dust or dirt environment? if, for example, the vehicle is a passenger car operated by family members for what could be termed the average driver, it really doesn&#;t matter which type is selected from a standpoint of the life of the engine and piston rings. On the other hand if one of the above mentioned conditions is going to exist on a regular basis then no doubt one type of ring face coating will be more appropriate than the others.
The three popular types of top compression ring face coatings, chrome, moly, and cast iron, each has advantages of its own with respect to operating conditions. Moly has a very high resistance to scuff. Chrome has good resistance to scuff but does not exhibit moly&#;s oil retention capabilities. Plain cast iron is a durable wear surface in normal operating conditions and is less costly than the moly or chrome faced ring.
For typical light duty service where the vehicle Is not subjected to long periods of high speed or load operation and is run primarily on paved streets, plain cast iron is a good choice because piston ring cast iron is very durable when not subjected to unusual dirt or heat conditions.
When faced with continuous high speed or severe load conditions, the engine will be subjected to long periods of high temperatures. Moly is then a good choice because of its scuff resistance. Moly, which is an acronym for molybdenum, inherently is quite porous in its applied state which results in excellent retention of oil in the face of the ring. Moly also has the highest melting point of the three popular face coatings which results in its capability to live better under more severe operating conditions, or more specifically to resist scuffing and scoring.
In a dusty environment such as gravel pits, sand or rock mines, or operating on a dirt or unpaved roads, chrome is the best choice. As mentioned earlier, moly because of Its porosity holds oil on the O.D. face of the ring which helps inhibit scuffing. Pores on the material also can serve as a trap for foreign materials, however. Because of the incoming air/fuel mixture probably will contain some abrasive contaminant in a dusty environment, chrome with its smoother O.D. surface is a logical choice. Chrome&#;s extreme density and hardness resists the Impingement of dirt Into the face of the ring which accelerates cylinder wear, and actually contributes to the exhaust gases carrying some of the airborne contaminant out through the exhaust system. Chrome has more resistance to scuffing and scoring than cast iron but somewhat less than moly.
All in-all when the engine experiences normal driving conditions and is properly maintained with respect to oil and air filter changes, any of the three coatings functions equally well. It is the installer&#;s expert judgement in analyzing the primary use of the engine that should lead him in a direction of which ring set will be the best possible choice for that particular customer&#;s engine.
Piston end gaps are essential to engine efficiency and longevity, regardless of whether you have experience in this field.
There is a lot of knowledge one needs to possess about fitting and gapping piston rings when buying and installing new ones.
There are several different marketplaces where you can purchase the best piston rings. You will need to know several things about how they should be gapped before you do so.
Here in this blog, we have discussed ways to select piston rings for your engine and how to space them properly. So, continue reading if you&#;re interested in buying and installing them.
Ways to Select Pistol Rings
Undoubtedly, anyone with basic knowledge of engines comprehends the importance of starting an engine for the first time.
A successful break-in of an engine depends heavily on the first firing of the engine. Additionally, it ensures that the engine will last as long as possible, delivering maximum power, using the highest efficiency, and lives as long as possible.
It&#;s essential to understand how piston rings are fitted and gapped correctly to be able to account for the fact that not all engine builds can be tested.
Before that, you must purchase the correct piston rings for the engine.
Many piston rings are available, but it is essential to choose the right one.
Making the correct choice requires understanding what types of piston rings are available.
Furthermore, you should understand what piston rings do.
Piston rings perform the following functions:
- Sealing of the cylinder
- Control of oil
- Creating heat by passing it from itself onto the walls of the cylinder. By making direct contact with the cylinder wall, the piston accomplishes this.
Modern piston rings are thinner than those of the past. Three things would result from less friction, which is why this engineering was done:
- Efficiencies of engines
- Delivering more power
- Piston-to-cylinder wall heat transfer is fast and efficient
Choosing piston rings correctly is crucial when it comes to performance driving.
Depending on how your engine is used, this will vary. Pistons come in various types.
To start the process, you must choose the suitable piston ring material. Pistons come in the following types:
- Cast piston
- Forged piston
- Hypereutectic piston
To select the piston ring, you will need to know what type of piston you have. Additionally, piston rings will need to be taken into account.
- The first factor is ring width. It is more efficient and delivers more power with thinner piston rings because friction inside the piston is reduced.
- Ensure that your piston configuration matches your engine usage and driving style.
- Your compression ratio should be the right one.
How to Measure and File Ring Gap?
Which method do you use to measure the gap?
The first step is to install each ring into its respective cylinder. For the ring to fit properly in the bore, it must be squared. A commercial ring-squaring tool is far easier and more convenient than the depth gauge inside the dial caliper.
Putting the ring into the bore, followed by squaring it up with a squaring tool, is involved in this procedure. The ring can be pulled straight back up to the tool&#;s face once the tool is hollow or has internal access.
Feeler gauges are commonly used to measure gaps. Feeler gauges are used to measure the dimension of a gap by inserting them into the gap.
Ideally, if you start with rings that are 0.005 inches oversize, there will be no gaps between the rings, and there might even be an overlap.
As a result of using a ring gap tool, you can increase the gap in the ring with a file to reduce the ring size (reduce the gap).
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Gapping tools are available in a variety of sophisticated forms, but they are also costly.
Piston Ring Installation: How to Gap Piston Rings Correctly?
Generally, two approaches are used to install rings. Expanders are not limited to engineers and engineering experts. Other people put them on by rolling them on.
During the installation of a ring, the basic technique is to minimize the distortion of the ring while applying gentle pressure on the ring to ensure that it stays in place.
This will enable you to gap the piston rings correctly.
Installation of the oil ring expander begins with following the instructions on or included with the package provided by the ring manufacturer.
Expanders must not overlap; after that, they must be rolled on carefully.
Your personal preferences also play a role in how piston rings are installed. Techniques vary as well.
During installation, you only need to avoid scoring the ring lands. You can be sure that the deed is well done and appropriate if you minimize distortion and prevent damage to the ring.
Mistakes People Make When Filling the Piston Ring Gap
Not measuring gaps
Rings are sometimes considered pre-gapped and ready for installation, and there is a larger tolerance for gaps than usual between the rings manufactured by ring manufacturers.
Make sure every ring is placed in the cylinder you intend to set it inand measured similarly.
This ring needs to be kept with the cylinder throughout the entire process.
In some cases, the cylinders are slightly different, so you must be consistent when installing them.
Putting rings in the wrong direction
There is a specific orientation for 99% of all top- and second-ring sets. Numerous things make it directional, such as slopes, twist coatings, etc.
On both the first and second rings, there is usually some writing or a dot that indicates which side is up.
Regarding the top and second rings of a piston, some pistons have the same thickness at both ends.
To know where the rings go, you should consider each ring&#;s shape and function.
Overlooking the manual and reading provided by the manufacturer
The data provided by many ring suppliers is only based on the OEM ring gap.
Ensure that the pistons you are using have the proper ring gap.
Since materials and applications differ significantly, OEM ring end gap specs should never be used.
Ring gaps are often set to OEM specs when they should be 1/3 of the required amount.
Conclusion
An engine test run isn&#;t always feasible or affordable during a build.
A testing session is critical when seating piston rings and bearings, which is why using the above considerations and tips is so important when seating piston rings and bearings.
Make sure you follow these steps to select and correctly gap the piston rings in your engine, eliminating any chances of error.
B.E (Mechanical) Mumbai, MBA &#; ISB, Hyderabad ()
Managing Director at Atrac Engineering Co (manufacturers and exporters of aftermarket engine parts)
Member of EO Navi Mumbai.
Hobbies include avid fitness enthusiast &#; crossfit, golf and trekking.
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