Precision metal stamping is among the most common metalworking techniques utilized by various industries to turn sheet metal into custom parts.
Progressive metal stamping uses tooling called a progressive die, which contains multiple stamping stations to perform simultaneous operations on a sheet metal strip. A feeding system unrolls the strip from its coil and pushes it through each of the dies different workstations until the final part is made.
Because this process uses various materials and techniques, its essential to understand the options available and factors to consider before getting started.
A progressive stamping die on the repair tableAccording to a Research and Markets report, the global metal stamping market will grow to $250 billion in . With increased demand and evolving tools and materials for precision metal stamping, the industry must adapt to overcome challenges. Todays metal rolling techniques are more advanced than traditional hand processes, but manufacturers still face some common problems during production.
One of these common problems is metal cracking, which can occur along the edges during hot and cold rolling. This is sometimes due to uneven heating or rolling, but there are also metallurgical factors to consider.
Austenitic stainless steel has a high cold hardening index (0.34% for SS). Austenitic stainless steel is a meta-stable type, which will transform deformation, thus inducing a martensitic phase. The martensite phase is brittle and easy to crack. During plasticity deformation, with the increase of extension, the martensitic content will then increase, and the residual stress will also be increased. The greater the relationship between residual stress and martensite content there is, the greater the residual stress, and the easier cracking can occur during processing.
Like most challenges that occur during precision metal stamping, the best way to navigate cracking is to determine and address the root cause. Partnering with a precision reroll mill with metallurgical expertise can be a tremendous help for stampers in performing root cause analysis and resolving issues such as these.
Manufacturers can use a variety of metals in precision metal stampings. However, some processes and types of metals perform better in the precision metal stamping process or are a better fit for a particular use case.
Hot rolled steel is roll-pressed at high temperatures and cooled quickly, which leaves a rough surface. For purposes that require closer dimensional tolerances and accuracy, sheet metal is processed further at room temperature through cold finishing techniques.
During the cold rolling process, when the metal is put under mechanical stress, it causes a permanent change to the crystalline structure of the metal. This causes an increase in its strength and often improves corrosion resistance. A cold-rolled stainless steel coil can be precision manufactured, allowing the metal to be produced to extremely tight tolerances. Precision stamping itself uses stamping dies to form metal. This typically occurs at room temperature, making it a cold process.
Compared to hot rolled steel, cold-rolled steel has the following characteristics, making it ideal for the growing needs of precision metal stampers:
When choosing a metal to use, consider the benefits and limitations of each and the requirements for your part.
For example, aluminum is lighter than stainless steel, softer, and a good conductor of electricity. But stainless steel can handle much higher temperatures and more corrosive environments.
Titanium, on the other hand, is also light but much stronger and more durable than aluminum. This makes titanium particularly suited for aerospace, military, and defense applications where a high strength to weight ratio is needed. Titanium is also corrosion-resistant and safe to use in medical implants within the human body.
Its all about matching the alloy and its properties with the needs of the application being manufactured.
Some of the key factors to consider when choosing a material for precision metal stamping are the metals ductility & formability, tensile strength, machinability, and work hardening rate.
Forming occurs somewhere between the yield strength and tensile strength of the material. If yield isnt exceeded, forming doesnt occur but exceeding the tensile strength results in a material fracture. In higher-strength materials, the window between yield and tensile is very small.
The grain size of a material is commonly used to indicate its formability, and consistent grain size is highly desirable for forming operations. Grain size can be controlled by a rerolling mill within a very close range by monitoring the temperature of the annealing furnace and the speed at which the strip passes through the line.
Tensile strength measures the amount of force a material can withstand without breaking. Some metals are stronger than others, and the strength varies depending on the component materials in a metal alloy. You should consider the tensile strength of the metal you choose to ensure that it can withstand the amount of force applied during use.
Machinability measures how easily the material can be cut or shaped. Because properties that improve a materials performance often reduce its machinability, you should consider the machinability of the metal you choose after satisfying other requirements for your part. A machinable material can be cut quickly with a good finish, which reduces costs. However, its more important to choose a material that meets the requirements of your part rather than choosing a machinable material.
As metal is worked or stamped, the temper changes, and the metal either becomes harder and more brittle. The rate that this occurs is work hardening. Depending on how much work is done to the metal and how much it needs to be deformed in a particular operation, the material may require annealing to reset its properties to prevent cracking, breaks, and other material imperfections.
Precision CNC sheet metal stampingIn precision metal stampings, manufacturers use metal forming operations to make parts from metal and metal alloys. It is highly versatile and can be used to create complex, detailed components with an exceptional degree of accuracy and repeatability. What's more, deep-drawn parts are exceptionally strong due to the extreme amount of compression exerted on the metal during the forming process. The fundamental structure of deep-drawn metals is often highly compressed into a very hard crystalline structure.
A design guideline can help you decide the optimal materials and processes.
These are some of the most common forming operations used in precision metal stamping:
Engineer-to-engineer collaboration between stampers and precision re-rollers is highly beneficial, especially during new product and process development.
Ulbrichs metallurgical experts and wide alloy selection allow us to match precision metal stampers with the ideal material for their applications and equipment.
Contact us to learn how our solutions could help you reduce scrap and die wear.
Precision metal stamping is a versatile manufacturing process used to create a wide range of metal parts for various industries, including automotive, electronics, aerospace, and medical. It offers several advantages over other manufacturing processes, including :
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Precision Metal Stamping Parts
Precision metal stamping parts are metal parts produced by precision metal stamping. They are widely used in various industries, such as automotive, electronics, aerospace, and medical.
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Principles of Precision Metal Stamping
Precision metal stamping uses a press mold and a press machine to apply pressure to a metal sheet, deforming it into the desired shape. The press mold consists of an upper mold and a lower mold. The upper mold is fixed on the slide of the press machine, and the lower mold is fixed on the bed of the press machine. The press machine applies pressure to the upper mold, causing the upper and lower molds to approach each other, thereby stamping the metal sheet into the desired shape.
Precision Metal Stamping Material Selection
The selection of materials for precision metal stamping should consider the following factors :
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Automotive Metal Stamping Process
The automotive metal stamping process generally includes the following steps:
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Challenges of Metal Stamping Miniature Components
Precision metal stamping of miniature components presents the following challenges:
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How to Choose the Right Metal Stamping Service Company
When choosing a precision metal stamping manufacturer, consider the following factors:
Precision metal stamping is a critical manufacturing process for a wide range of industries. By understanding the advantages, principles, and challenges of precision metal stamping, manufacturers can select the right materials, processes, and service providers to meet the specific needs.
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If you have any questions about precision metal stamping, please contact us at or contact us. We would be happy to discuss your specific needs and requirements.
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